How a reference is built in Vancouver
Commonly used in: medicine, health sciences, biomedical journals.
Journal article
1. Author AA, Author BB. Title of article. Journal Title. Year Mon Day;00(0):00-00. doi:10.xxxx/xxxxx.
Book
2. Author AA. Title of the book. 3rd ed. Place: Publisher; Year.
A real example
Kucsko G, Maurer PC, Yao NY, Kubo M, Noh HJ, Lo PK, et al. Nanometre-scale thermometry in a living cell. Nature. 2013 Aug;500(7460):54-8. doi:10.1038/nature12373.
In-text citation
(1)
A number in round brackets or superscript, given in the order sources first appear. Reuse the same number for the same source.
Worth knowing
- No italics and no quotation marks anywhere in the reference.
- List the first six authors, then “et al.”
- Page ranges are shortened and joined by a hyphen: 54-8, not 54–58.
- A full stop follows the DOI, as in the NLM’s own examples.