Referencing at Anglia Ruskin University: ARU Harvard explained

Anglia Ruskin University (ARU) references in Harvard, in the Cite Them Right version, 13th edition; its law courses use OSCOLA. The library's Harvard referencing guide says so at the top. Anyone searching "Anglia Ruskin Harvard" should know that an older ARU guide, still online, sets almost every element differently.

This guide rests on ARU Library's own public pages and the Word documents linked from them, all read on 2 October 2026. EdCitation is not affiliated with Anglia Ruskin University; this follows its public library guide, checked on 2 October 2026. EdCitation publishes it, and the last sections quote, word for word, what its free Cite a source returned on real sources and what Verify references made of ARU's own examples.

Which referencing style does Anglia Ruskin University use?

Harvard, in the Cite Them Right version. Anglia Ruskin University Library (2026a) calls Harvard the style "used at ARU" and names Cite Them Right, opened online with the university login, as ARU's variation. Its subtitle names the 13th edition, and the RefWorks page sets "Cite Them Right, 13th edition - Harvard" as the output style, to be edited where necessary.

Subject guides point the same way, with one named exception.

The RefWorks page adds that law students are expected to use OSCOLA's 5th edition "from September 2026", and asks every student to check a list "against School and published guidance". Cite a source builds six styles, Harvard and APA 7 among them, but not OSCOLA, so law footnotes are written by hand.

Is ARU Harvard the same as the old Anglia Ruskin Harvard guide?

No. The library's own earlier Harvard guide, Anglia Ruskin University Library (2019), version 6.1.2, is still online as a 63-page PDF, and its pattern differs from the current one in nearly every element.

If someone sends you the old PDF, follow the current library guide instead. For other UK universities' Harvard versions, see referencing at UK universities.

How do you cite in the text in ARU Harvard?

Give the author's surname and the year where you use the source, in brackets or with the name in your sentence. ARU's guide shows both: Falk (2019) inside the sentence, (Falk, 2019) at its end. Anglia Ruskin University Library (n.d.-a), the quick guide titled "Harvard referencing: the basics", fills in the rest:

1. Page numbers. Paraphrases and quotations take a page where one exists: Falk (2019, p. 10). A quotation goes in quotation marks with author, year and page, as ‘verbal and observational data’ (Stewart and Shamdasani, 2015, p. 15).
2. Two or three authors. Every surname, joined by "and", as (Smithson, Richards and Hughes, 2025) in ARU's sample text.
3. Four or more authors. The first surname and et al. in italics: (Bloor et al., 2001).
4. An organisation. The body is the author: (Health and Safety Executive, 2018).
5. Several sources at once. Semicolons between them inside one pair of brackets, as in the sample text.
6. A source quoted in another. Only when the original is out of reach: Denscombe (1946, cited in Merton and Kendall, 2010), with Merton and Kendall in the list.

The quick guide quotes in single marks; the newer sample text, Anglia Ruskin University Library (n.d.-b), in double. Neither states a rule, so choose one and keep to it. For other styles, see when to use et al.

How does ARU set out the reference list?

Alphabetically by author, each entry saying who made the work, when, what it is called and where to find it. The quick guide's patterns, with its own examples:

Books

Surname and initials, the year in brackets, the title in italics, the edition from the second on, and the publisher, with no place.

Cottrell, S. (2019) The study skills handbook. 5th edn. Red Globe Press.

An edited book puts "(eds)" after the editors' names, with no full stop, as ARU's sample list does.

Journal articles

The article title in single quotation marks, the journal in italics with its capitals, volume, issue and pages, then "Available at:" and the DOI.

Larson, R.B. and Farac, J.M. (2019) ‘Profiling green consumers’, Social Marketing Quarterly, 25(4), pp. 275-290. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/1524500419882391

ARU's DOI examples carry no accessed date and end with no full stop.

Web pages

The author or organisation, the year the page was published or last updated, the title in italics, the address after "Available at:", and the date you looked.

Forestry and Land Scotland (2021) Permissions and permits. Available at: https://forestryandland.gov.scot/business-and-services/permissions-and-permits (Accessed: 1 September 2021).

Capitals and the small marks

Titles of books, articles and pages take a capital on the first word and on proper nouns only, as in the quick guide's Focus groups in social research, and a word after a colon stays small too: "sense of well-being: a positive psychology approach". Two book titles in the newer sample list keep every capital; follow the quick guide. Page ranges take a hyphen in one document and an en dash in the other: either, used throughout.

ARU Harvard rules at a glance

ARU's rules, each with the library page it comes from:

A worked example in ARU Harvard

A short paragraph and its list, set exactly as ARU's quick guide sets them, from four real sources:

Bloor et al. (2001) treat focus groups as a method of social research, and Nyumba et al. (2018) review two decades of their use in conservation. Larson and Farac (2019) profile green consumers. For stress at work, the regulator sets out its Management Standards (Health and Safety Executive, 2025).

Reference list

Bloor, M., Frankland, J., Thomas, M. and Robson, K. (2001) Focus groups in social research. Sage.

Health and Safety Executive (2025) Management Standards. Available at: https://www.hse.gov.uk/stress/standards/ (Accessed: 2 October 2026).

Larson, R.B. and Farac, J.M. (2019) ‘Profiling green consumers’, Social Marketing Quarterly, 25(4), pp. 275–290. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/1524500419882391

Nyumba, T.O., Wilson, K., Derrick, C.J. and Mukherjee, N. (2018) ‘The use of focus group discussion methodology: insights from two decades of application in conservation’, Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 9(1), pp. 20–32. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210X.12860

"Management Standards" keeps its capitals as the name HSE gives its standards; the page shows "Updated 2025-01-13" and no personal author.

Which EdCitation style is closest to ARU Harvard?

Harvard (Cite Them Right) in EdCitation's Cite a source. It is the Cite Them Right family ARU names, so the facts and their order come out right, and a few marks change by hand:

1. Build each entry from its DOI, ISBN or web address in Cite a source, with Harvard chosen.
2. Write out every author: for four or more, Cite a source prints the first and et al.
3. Lower the title to sentence case, the word after a colon included; Harvard keeps the publisher's capitals.
4. Delete any place of publication before the publisher.
5. For a web page, enter the author and date from the page in the form before the entry is built.
6. Drop the full stop after a DOI to match ARU's examples exactly.
7. Paste the finished list into Verify references and settle each "check this" against the source.

What did EdCitation return on ARU's sources?

EdCitation is the right tool to start an ARU list, because it looks each work up in the publisher's record and never writes a reference; no chatbot can promise that. Cite a source takes a DOI, title, PubMed ID, ISBN or web address, sets the entry in Harvard (Cite Them Right) or five other styles, and screens the source for retraction, free and with no account. On ARU's own examples, Verify references caught a 1946 article dated 2010 and a DOI no registry holds. The essay stays wholly yours: EdCitation finds, cites and checks sources, and writes no part of the paper.

Cite a source on four real sources

For 10.1177/1524500419882391, ARU's own journal example, Harvard returned:

Larson, R.B. and Farac, J.M. (2019) ‘Profiling Green Consumers’, Social Marketing Quarterly, 25(4), pp. 275–290. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/1524500419882391.

Every fact matches ARU's entry. Lower "Green Consumers" and drop the last full stop.

For 10.1111/2041-210X.12860, a four-author article:

Nyumba, T.O. et al. (2018) ‘The use of focus group discussion methodology: Insights from two decades of application in conservation’, Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 9(1), pp. 20–32. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210X.12860.

Add Wilson, K., Derrick, C.J. and Mukherjee, N., and lower "Insights".

For ISBN 9780761957430, ARU's own book example:

Bloor, M. (2001) Focus groups in social research. London: SAGE Publications.

The library record behind that ISBN names Bloor alone: add Frankland, Thomas and Robson from the title page and delete "London:". Verify references matched the same book to a Crossref record, DOI 10.4135/9781849209175, naming all four.

For https://www.hse.gov.uk/stress/standards/:

Management Standards (no date). Available at: https://www.hse.gov.uk/stress/standards/ (Accessed: 2 October 2026).

Neither the author nor the page's "Updated 2025-01-13" line was picked up, so enter Health and Safety Executive and 2025 in the form first. ARU's own web example, the Forestry and Land Scotland page, now redirects to a new address and needs its author added the same way.

Verify references on ARU's two example lists

We pasted the ten entries from ARU's quick guide into Verify references. Six came back verified, Larson and Farac with "The DOI resolves to this record and the title matches". Four came back "check this":

• Merton and Kendall (2010) with its DOI: "No registry holds the DOI 10.1073/sh/1.3.117-c. A record with this title exists, but it was published in 1946, not 2010."
• Merton (1987): "The closest published record differs in its title." The record reads "The Focussed Interview and Focus Groups: Continuities and Discontinuities".
• Health and Safety Executive (2018): "The address answers that there is no page there. Check the address." It answered 404 for us too.
• Greenbaum (1998), Handbook for focus groups: not found, "No publisher's record or library catalogue entry matches this reference." Open Library catalogues Greenbaum's book as The handbook for focus group research, so the sample's title is wrong.

One slip went through: Stewart and "Shamadasani" (2015) came back verified, with a note that the catalogue dates it 2014, but the misspelt second surname was not flagged.

ARU's newer sample list fared worse: five of seven entries came back not found and two "check this". Both DOIs drew "No registry holds the DOI", and three books, which we could not find in Crossref or Open Library either, drew "No publisher's record or library catalogue entry matches this reference." The 2019 guide said plainly that its sources were "for the purposes of illustration only": copy the pattern from ARU's examples, never the entry. With Pro, at $8 a month, References from a file checks a whole paper's list at once and pairs every in-text citation with its entry (pricing).

Quick questions

Does Anglia Ruskin use Harvard or APA?

Harvard, in the Cite Them Right 13th edition version; law uses OSCOLA, 5th edition. ARU's RefWorks guide covers APA 7 for modules that set it, without naming them.

Is ARU Harvard the same as Cite Them Right?

Yes. ARU Library's guide says ARU uses Cite Them Right; the library's older 2019 guide put no brackets round the year and web addresses in angle brackets.

Do I list every author in an ARU reference list?

Yes. ARU's quick guide says to include all authors in the full reference and to use et al. only in the text, from four authors.

Does a DOI need an accessed date in ARU Harvard?

Not in ARU's examples: its DOI entries carry none, while its web page example ends "(Accessed: 1 September 2021)."

Can EdCitation build ARU Harvard references?

Nearly. EdCitation's Cite a source builds Harvard (Cite Them Right) from the publisher's record; then list every author, lower title capitals and delete any place of publication. It does not build OSCOLA.

References

• Anglia Ruskin University Library. (n.d.-a). Harvard referencing: The basics [Word document]. Harvard Referencing: Cite Them Right. https://anglia.libguides.com/ld.php?content_id=34159924
• Anglia Ruskin University Library. (n.d.-b). Sample text and reference list (Cite Them Right Harvard style) [Word document]. Harvard Referencing: Cite Them Right. https://anglia.libguides.com/ld.php?content_id=35975791
• Anglia Ruskin University Library. (2019). Guide to Harvard style of referencing (Version 6.1.2) [PDF]. https://london.aru.ac.uk/_uploads/guides/Harvard_referencing_201920-ugqim.pdf
• Anglia Ruskin University Library. (2026a). Harvard referencing: Cite Them Right. LibGuides at Anglia Ruskin University. https://anglia.libguides.com/harvardctr
• Anglia Ruskin University Library. (2026b). Law: OSCOLA referencing. LibGuides at Anglia Ruskin University. https://anglia.libguides.com/law/oscola
• Anglia Ruskin University Library. (2026c). Medicine: Introduction. LibGuides at Anglia Ruskin University. https://anglia.libguides.com/medicine
• Anglia Ruskin University Library. (2026d). RefWorks guide: Referencing styles. LibGuides at Anglia Ruskin University. https://anglia.libguides.com/Refworks/styles
• Anglia Ruskin University Library. (2026e). AI tools at university: Referencing and plagiarism. LibGuides at Anglia Ruskin University. https://anglia.libguides.com/AI/Referencing
• Bloor, M., Frankland, J., Thomas, M., & Robson, K. (2001). Focus groups in social research. SAGE Publications. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781849209175
• Health and Safety Executive. (2025). Management Standards. https://www.hse.gov.uk/stress/standards/
• Larson, R. B., & Farac, J. M. (2019). Profiling green consumers. Social Marketing Quarterly, 25(4), 275–290. https://doi.org/10.1177/1524500419882391
• Nyumba, T. O., Wilson, K., Derrick, C. J., & Mukherjee, N. (2018). The use of focus group discussion methodology: Insights from two decades of application in conservation. Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 9(1), 20–32. https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210X.12860