Referencing at Monash University: APA 7, Harvard, Vancouver

Monash University sets no single referencing style. The Library's citing and referencing page lists seven, from AGLC4 for law to numbered Vancouver, and tells students to contact their lecturer or supervisor when unsure (Monash University Library, n.d.-a). Each style guide adds that the unit coordinator decides. From January 2027, the Library stops supporting Harvard.

EdCitation is not affiliated with Monash University; this follows its public library guide, checked on 2 October 2026. For the national picture, see referencing at Australian universities. EdCitation publishes this guide; the last sections quote what its free Cite a source and Verify references returned on Monash-style entries, with what you still change by hand.

Which referencing style does Monash University use?

The one your unit guide names. The Library's referencing page assigns none of its seven styles to a faculty (Monash University Library, n.d.-a); the table gathers what Monash's pages do say.

What the faculty and subject pages add

• Information Technology. Its style guide says APA 6th "is the recommended style for undergraduate and coursework masters students", though some lecturers ask for another (Monash University Faculty of Information Technology, n.d.). The Library teaches the 7th, so ask which edition your unit wants; see rules that changed between editions.
• History. The Library's history guide offers author-date styles or footnotes, says footnotes have traditionally been preferred in the humanities, and still names Chicago 17th, though the Library's Chicago guides are now 18th.
• Law. The AGLC4 guide calls AGLC4 the official style for legal citations in Australia, with footnotes and a bibliography (Monash University Library, 2026a).

We could not read the Faculty of Education's assignment booklet, a PDF behind a bot check, so we say nothing about Education.

Is Harvard still accepted at Monash?

For now, where a unit asks for it. The guide opens: "From January 2027 the Library will no longer support the Harvard style, and this guide will be retired" (Monash University Library, 2026h). It calls Harvard a generic name for author-date systems with no central manual and offers APA 7th, Chicago 18th and MLA 9th instead. To move a list to APA 7th, Cite a source returns all six of its styles from one lookup.

What are Monash Harvard's rules?

Monash Harvard follows the Australian Government Style Manual with one stated departure: the URL goes at the end of the entry, not behind a hyperlinked title (Monash University Library, 2026j). It differs from the Cite Them Right Harvard that EdCitation builds in punctuation and author lists; our Harvard referencing guide covers that version.

In the text

• No comma before the year: (Green 2018).
• Pages after a colon, (Green 2018:33), for direct quotations; some unit coordinators want them always (Monash University Library, 2026i).
• "and" between two names, never "&".
• Et al. from three authors in every citation, with every author named in the list.
• An organisation's abbreviation in every citation: (DFAT 2016).

The Style Manual wants single quotation marks; the guide warns that text-matching software recognises only double ones, so ask your unit coordinator which to use.

In the reference list

• Names without commas or full stops (Alexander JC), every author listed, "and" before the last.
• The year in brackets; titles in sentence case, articles and chapters in single quotation marks, whole works in italics.
• Volume, issue and pages joined by a colon: 3(3):309–310.
• A DOI as doi:10.xxx; a web page or DOI-less online article takes "accessed" and the date, then the URL.
• A final full stop, except after a DOI or URL.
• An organisation: "DFAT (Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade) (2021)".

A real article in Monash Harvard, cited as (Hadgkiss and Renzaho 2014):

Hadgkiss EJ and Renzaho AMN (2014) ‘The physical health status, service utilisation and barriers to accessing care for asylum seekers residing in the community: a systematic review of the literature’, Australian Health Review, 38(2):142–159, doi:10.1071/AH13113

What are Monash's APA 7th rules?

Monash teaches APA 7th as the Publication Manual and the APA Style website set it (Monash University Library, 2026b). It is the style Monash's pages lean on most: the Information Technology guide calls APA "widely used and supported both throughout Monash University and the scholarly community", and the Harvard guide names APA 7th first among its replacements. See also APA 7 in-text citations.

The rules Monash spells out

• Et al. from three authors; "and" in a sentence, "&" inside brackets (Monash University Library, 2026c).
• A known abbreviation in square brackets the first time, (Australian Bureau of Statistics [ABS], 2021), then (ABS, 2021); the list spells the name out.
• A quotation takes "p." or, without pages, "para."
• Every author up to 20; from 21, the first 19, an ellipsis and the last (Monash University Library, 2026d).
• "References" centred and bold, hanging indents of 1.27 cm, double spacing, no extra space between entries.
• Sentence case for article and book titles, an en dash in page ranges, no full stop after a DOI or URL.
• A retrieval date only for a page designed to change; no site name when it repeats the author (Monash University Library, 2026e).

Two Monash examples disagree: the in-text page writes (“500,000 Oregon Residents Evacuate,” 2020), with capitals and the comma inside, while the web page writes (“Unsealed rainwater tanks”, 2019). Follow the in-text page, which states the rule.

A worked example in Monash's APA 7th

A six-author article, a textbook and an Australian government page. In the text:

Manchha et al. (2021) reviewed research on the stigma of working in aged care. The regulator has published consumer research on scams (Australian Communications and Media Authority [ACMA], 2019); later citations read (ACMA, 2019). Coronel and Morris (2019) cover database design, which inside brackets becomes (Coronel & Morris, 2019).

Under "References", centred and bold, with hanging indents:

Australian Communications and Media Authority. (2019, November). Combating scams - summary report. https://www.acma.gov.au/publications/2019-11/report/combating-scams-summary-report

Coronel, C., & Morris, S. (2019). Database systems: Design, implementation, & management (13th ed.). Cengage Learning.

Manchha, A. V., Walker, N., Way, K. A., Dawson, D., Tann, K., & Thai, M. (2021). Deeply discrediting: A systematic review examining the conceptualizations and consequences of the stigma of working in aged care. The Gerontologist, 61(4), e129–e146. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnaa166

The date is the one the page shows, and the site name goes because the author owns the site. The book takes its copyright year, 2019 on Cengage's page for the 13th edition. All six authors appear in the list, while the text uses et al.

What are Monash's Vancouver rules?

Monash's Vancouver follows the AMA Manual of Style, 11th edition, not the National Library of Medicine's Citing Medicine, on which EdCitation's Vancouver is built (Monash University Library, 2026l). The points that matter:

• The DOI if there is one, else the URL; never "[Internet]".
• Page ranges in full: 123-129.
• All initials, unspaced: Halloran JT. No place of publication for books.
• Up to six authors, list all; more than six, the first three and "et al." (Monash University Library, 2026m).
• Journal abbreviations only from the NLM Catalog.
• Superscript or bracketed numbers; an accessed date as "Accessed November 9, 2021."

The aged-care article in Monash Vancouver:

Manchha AV, Walker N, Way KA, Dawson D, Tann K, Thai M. Deeply discrediting: a systematic review examining the conceptualizations and consequences of the stigma of working in aged care. Gerontologist. 2021;61(4):e129-e146. doi:10.1093/geront/gnaa166

Monash's own example stops at "Manchha AV, Walker N, Way KA, et al.", but its rule lists all six: follow the rule. Our Vancouver referencing guide covers the NLM version.

Which EdCitation style is closest, and what do you change by hand?

For five of Monash's seven styles, an EdCitation style is close enough to start from. Our runs needed these changes.

Building a Monash list, step by step

1. Find the style in your unit guide.
2. Look each source up by DOI, ISBN or web address in EdCitation's Cite a source and pick the nearest style.
3. For a web page, correct the author, date and title before the entry is built.
4. Make the hand changes above, with Monash's examples as the pattern.
5. Run the list through Verify references and settle every "check this" at the source.

What did EdCitation return on Monash's sources?

Cite a source is the best place to start a Monash list because it never writes a reference: it looks the source up in the publisher's record (for a book, a library catalogue's), lays it out in APA 7, MLA 9, Chicago 18 author-date, Harvard, IEEE or Vancouver, and screens it for retraction. A chatbot cannot show where its entry came from; each entry below can. It is free, with no account. EdCitation never writes any part of a student's paper: the reading, the argument and every sentence stay the student's own, and what it supplies is the record behind each reference. We ran two DOIs, an ISBN and an Australian page on 2 October 2026.

Cite a source on two articles, a book and an Australian page

For DOI 10.1071/AH13113, APA 7 matched Monash's own example of the article word for word, except that it gave Renzaho the third initial the record holds: "Hadgkiss, E. J., & Renzaho, A. M. N. (2014)". Harvard returned Cite Them Right's form:

Hadgkiss, E.J. and Renzaho, A.M.N. (2014) ‘The physical health status, service utilisation and barriers to accessing care for asylum seekers residing in the community: a systematic review of the literature’, Australian Health Review, 38(2), pp. 142–159. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1071/AH13113.

Vancouver ended "Aust Health Rev. 2014 May 13;38(2):142-59. doi: 10.1071/AH13113." where Monash wants "2014;38(2):142-159. doi:10.1071/AH13113".

For DOI 10.1093/geront/gnaa166, APA listed all six authors; Harvard opened "Manchha, A.V. et al." and kept the title's capitals; Vancouver ended "Gerontologist. 2021 Jun 2;61(4):e129-46. doi: 10.1093/geront/gnaa166."

For ISBN 9781337627900, APA returned:

Coronel, C., & Morris, S. (2018). Database systems: Design, implementation, & management. Cengage Learning.

Open Library's record has 2018 and no edition; Cengage gives the 13th edition, copyright 2019, as Monash's example does. Fix both by hand.

For the regulator's page, APA dated the entry "(2020, November 20)", a date held in the page's code; the page itself shows "November 2019". Correcting the date in the form gave:

Australian Communications and Media Authority. (2019, November). Combating Scams - summary report. https://www.acma.gov.au/publications/2019-11/report/combating-scams-summary-report

APA and Vancouver kept the capital S of "Scams" on two runs: lower it by hand. Vancouver added "[Internet]" and "[cited 2026 Oct 2]. Available from:", where Monash writes "Accessed October 2, 2026." Harvard ended "(Accessed: 2 October 2026).", where Monash puts "accessed 2 October 2026" before the URL.

Verify references on seven Monash-style entries

We pasted seven entries in Monash's forms, most copied from its guides. Verify references answered:

• Hadgkiss in APA, Tsetsura and Valentini in Harvard, Tarzia in Vancouver: verified, "The DOI resolves to this record and the title matches."
• Coronel and Morris, 2019, 13th edition: verified, with "Title and author match a library catalogue record, which dates it 2018; your entry says 2019. Check the year on the title page." Cengage's copyright year, 2019, stands.
• Nankervis and colleagues, 2017, 9th edition: "check this", "A book with this title and author is catalogued, but no edition from 2017 is recorded. Check the edition and year." WorldCat lists the 9th Asia-Pacific edition, 2017, so the entry stands.
• Monash's ACMA example, dated 2020: "check this", "The address works, but the page there has a different title. Check it is the page meant." It is the right page, which is dated November 2019.
• Booth, 2022, from Monash's Vancouver list: "check this", "The publisher's record also names Sutton, Clowes and Martyn-St James, who are not in your entry. Check the authors."

Read every "check this" yourself. For a whole assignment, References from a file, part of Pro at $8 a month, matches every in-text citation in the uploaded paper to its entry; see pricing.

Quick questions

Does Monash still accept Harvard referencing?

Until January 2027 the Library supports Monash Harvard; then it retires the guide and points to APA 7th, Chicago 18th or MLA 9th. Your unit guide decides.

Which referencing style should I use at Monash?

The one your unit guide names. Where a unit lets you choose, APA 7th is the style Monash's own pages lean on most.

Is Monash Vancouver the same as NLM Vancouver?

No. Monash's Vancouver follows the AMA Manual of Style, 11th edition: no "[Internet]", page ranges in full, and three names then et al. for more than six authors.

Can EdCitation build AGLC4 or Chicago notes for Monash?

No. EdCitation's Cite a source builds APA 7, MLA 9, Chicago 18 author-date, Harvard, IEEE and Vancouver; AGLC4 and Chicago 18th (A) notes are written by hand.

Does EdCitation write any part of my assignment?

No. EdCitation looks references up and checks them; the ideas, the argument and every sentence remain the student's own work.

References

• Monash University Faculty of Information Technology. (n.d.). Referencing. Style guide. https://www.monash.edu/it/current-students/resources-and-support/style-guide/referencing
• Monash University Library. (n.d.-a). Citing and referencing. https://www.monash.edu/library/help/citing-and-referencing
• Monash University Library. (n.d.-b). History: Citing & referencing. https://guides.lib.monash.edu/history/citing
• Monash University Library. (2026a). AGLC4: Getting started. https://guides.lib.monash.edu/aglc4
• Monash University Library. (2026b). APA 7th: Getting started. https://guides.lib.monash.edu/apa-7
• Monash University Library. (2026c). APA 7th: In-text citation. https://guides.lib.monash.edu/apa-7/getting-started/in-text-citation
• Monash University Library. (2026d). APA 7th: Reference list. https://guides.lib.monash.edu/apa-7/getting-started/reference-list
• Monash University Library. (2026e). APA 7th: Web and social media. https://guides.lib.monash.edu/apa-7/web-and-social-media
• Monash University Library. (2026f). Chicago 18th (A) Notes and Bibliography: Getting started. https://guides.lib.monash.edu/chicago-18-a-notes/getting-started
• Monash University Library. (2026g). Chicago 18th (B) Author-Date: Getting started. https://guides.lib.monash.edu/chicago-18-b-author-date/getting-started
• Monash University Library. (2026h). Harvard: Getting started. https://guides.lib.monash.edu/harvard
• Monash University Library. (2026i). Harvard: In-text citation. https://guides.lib.monash.edu/harvard/in-text-citation
• Monash University Library. (2026j). Harvard: Reference list. https://guides.lib.monash.edu/harvard/reference-list
• Monash University Library. (2026k). MLA 9th: Getting started. https://guides.lib.monash.edu/mla9
• Monash University Library. (2026l). Vancouver 2022: Getting started. https://guides.lib.monash.edu/vancouver-2022
• Monash University Library. (2026m). Vancouver 2022: Reference list. https://guides.lib.monash.edu/vancouver-2022/reference-list