By subject and level
What your course asks for: the style, the sources and the conventions of your subject.
Referencing is not the same job in nursing as in history. The style differs, but so do the sources: clinical guidelines and trials in one, archives and primary documents in another, standards and datasets in a third. The conventions of a subject are learned from its own literature, and they are what a marker recognises.
These guides take one subject, one kind of work or one country at a time, and say what is expected there, with examples in exactly the style that subject uses.
17 guides
September 26, 2026 · 14 min read
Business and management referencing in Harvard and APA 7
How do business and management students reference annual reports, 10-Ks, Statista, Mintel, Passport, Harvard Business School cases, HBR articles and ISO standards in Harvard and APA 7?
Reference annual reports, 10-Ks, Statista, Mintel, Passport, HBS cases, HBR articles, ISO standards and Bloomberg in Harvard and APA 7, as business schools set them.
Undergraduate
September 27, 2026 · 13 min read
Engineering and computer science IEEE citations, source by source
How do I cite standards, code, datasets and conference papers in IEEE style for engineering and computer science?
Cite conference papers, IEEE, ISO and BS standards, GitHub code, Zenodo software, datasets, arXiv, datasheets and patents in IEEE, from IEEE's own guide.
UndergraduatePostgraduate
September 26, 2026 · 13 min read
English literature MLA citations: poems, plays, novels, films
How do I cite poems, plays, novels, films and other literary sources in MLA 9?
Cite a poem, a Shakespeare play, a novel, a short story in an anthology, a translation, a film, song lyrics, the Bible and criticism in MLA 9, with examples.
Undergraduate
September 26, 2026 · 13 min read
How to cite preprints, datasets and software as a researcher
How do I cite a preprint, a dataset and software such as an R package or a GitHub repository?
Cite preprints, datasets, R packages, GitHub repositories and Zenodo releases in APA 7 and five other styles, with the version, the DOI and the published version.
Researcher
September 26, 2026 · 13 min read
How to cite reports and statistics in social work and sociology
How do social work and sociology students cite government reports, statistics, case reviews and datasets in Harvard and APA 7?
Cite ONS bulletins, census tables, case reviews, Working Together, charity reports, codes and datasets in Harvard and APA 7, and check each statistic is current.
Undergraduate
September 26, 2026 · 12 min read
How to cite the national curriculum, Ofsted and DfE guidance
How do I cite the national curriculum, Ofsted, DfE guidance and education law in APA 7 and Harvard?
APA 7 and Harvard references for the national curriculum, Ofsted, KCSIE, the Education Act 2002, Common Core and school policies, each read at source.
Undergraduate
September 26, 2026 · 12 min read
Mature students returning to study: routes, funding and skills
How do I go back to university as a mature student after years out of education?
Who counts as a mature student, the routes back (Access to HE, foundation years, the OU), funding, what the data show, and our first-term plan with referencing.
UndergraduatePostgraduate
September 26, 2026 · 13 min read
Peer review checklist: checking the references in a manuscript
As a peer reviewer, how do I check the references in a manuscript, and how do I report a problem to the editor?
For peer reviewers: what COPE, Elsevier and Springer Nature ask of a reference check, a table of what to flag, and wording for the editor that accuses no one.
Researcher
September 26, 2026 · 13 min read
Referencing for international students studying in English
What referencing and academic integrity rules may be new to international students at English-speaking universities?
What UK, Australian, Canadian and US universities expect of referencing that may be new to you, where each says so, the support on offer, and a checklist.
UndergraduatePostgraduate
September 26, 2026 · 14 min read
Vancouver citations in medicine: trials, Cochrane, NICE, drugs
How do I cite a clinical trial, a Cochrane review, a NICE guideline or a drug entry in Vancouver style?
How to cite PubMed articles, Cochrane reviews, trial registrations, NICE and WHO guidelines, the BNF, abstracts and medRxiv preprints in Vancouver style.
UndergraduatePostgraduate
September 23, 2026 · 13 min read
APA 7 for psychology students, beyond the basics
What do psychology students need to know about APA 7 beyond the basics?
APA 7 for psychology students: citing the DSM-5-TR, tests, preregistrations, data sets, posters and textbook studies, and the student title page.
UndergraduatePostgraduate
September 23, 2026 · 12 min read
Group project reference list, one list for the whole group
How does a group project share one reference list without the citations going wrong?
How four writers keep one reference list straight: one style, one owner, a tag per section, where universities draw the collusion line, and the merge-day checks.
Undergraduate
September 23, 2026 · 13 min read
Journal manuscript references checklist, by journal style
What is the reference checklist for a journal manuscript, by journal style?
The reference checklist for a journal manuscript, family by family: ICMJE and Vancouver, APA 7, Nature, Springer and IEEE, read at source, then submission day.
Researcher
September 23, 2026 · 12 min read
Managing dissertation references from proposal to submission
How do I manage the references of a dissertation from the proposal to submission?
Dissertation references over three years: the proposal, instruments, software and datasets, preprints and retractions, what examiners say, and the school's rules.
Postgraduate
September 23, 2026 · 14 min read
Nursing APA citations and the sources that count as evidence
How do nursing students cite sources in APA 7, and which sources count as evidence?
How nursing students cite guidelines, Cochrane reviews, drug entries, codes and statistics in APA 7, and how nursing ranks evidence, each rule read at source.
UndergraduatePostgraduate
September 23, 2026 · 13 min read
Research proposal references and capstone project sources
What references does a research proposal or capstone project need, and how are they checked?
What research proposal references must do, what Leeds, Lancaster and Sydney ask for, how a capstone cites reports, standards and a client, and the week-before check.
UndergraduatePostgraduate
September 23, 2026 · 12 min read
Thesis literature review, keeping hundreds of sources straight
How do I keep hundreds of sources straight in a thesis literature review?
How to manage several hundred sources across a year-long thesis literature review: the synthesis matrix, tags, one style, duplicates, counts and checks.
Postgraduate